My Amazon wish list, which I use as a general to-read schedule, is over five pages now, but I am slowly chipping away at it in the dank confines of second-hand bookstores and on the occasional trip to the over-commercialized gloss that is Indigo. It’s a last resort, I swear.
However when faced with yet another unfamiliar row of books squashed in the dusty closet space of Balfour’s or Seekers, I am tempted to forget my carefully wrought selections of literature, biography and philosophy. Such was the case with Andre Malraux’s early philosophical treatise masquerading as literature, “The Temptation of the West”.
I was intrigued both by the cover design by surrealist Joel Peter Johnson, as well as his connections with Charles de Gaulle’s government in France during the 60’s and his instrumental decision that sparked off one the most quixotically grand riots the world had seen.
Malraux was, at that time, the Minister of Culture in de Gaulle’s cabinet, and enjoyed a reputation with the cultural elite as being an astute critic and philosopher with a slightly risque body of work and extensive knowledge of Chinese culture, seeing as he had spent many years there and was witness to several (and at the time failed) communist uprisings.
Anyway, at this time the French New Wave was just starting up, and maverick film-makers like Jean-Luc Goddard (see Breathless if you haven’t already!) and Francis Truffaut were making ‘waves’ with the French youth, breaking all narrative convention in their movies and giving rise to concepts like the Auteur theory and Cinema Verite. I fell in love with movies after experiencing the intellectual headiness, the vigor, the anarchic flame embodied in every frame of works like Pierre le Fou and Band of Outsiders. And so did the disaffected youth at the time, suffering under unemployment, the militaristic regime of de Gaulle, and a ridiculously inept/corrupt university system.

In May of 1968, Henri Langlois, long-time film-archivist and operator of the popular cinema-phile hangout, the Cinematheque Francois, was fired from his job by Andre Malraux. Why did Malraux do this? He cited administrative incompetence, but for the bevy of head-strong iconoclasts like Goddard and Chabrol, there was an underlying sense of a clash of sensibilities, ironically the very same subject that is tackled in Malraux’s book. The Nouvelle Vague film-makers revolted, holding demonstrations in favor of Langlois and even ruining the Cannes Festival by storming theaters and holding down the curtains, preventing any films from being seen. This in turn sparked off larger riots, and before long hundreds of thousands of people, youth and otherwise, were marching in the streets (including Goddard, Truffaut, Chabrol and others), and after countless deaths, teargas canisters and car-fires (the regular repository for any riot), France’s ‘Fifth Republic’ was overturned.
As a cinephile, all this makes me a little giddy. It is almost inconceivable today for film directors to be so politically active and influential, and movies to be anything but expendable fodder for the popcorn-chewing masses. But I am contended that it was not always like this.

Anyways, what of Malraux, the unwitting spark to all that malcontent? His “The Temptation of the West” is set up as a series of letters from a Frenchman who travels to China to a Chinese who travels of Europe. The juiciest bits come from the rather stereotypically named Ling, who dissects Western civilization in the light of Eastern philosophies concerning art and the development of man. Here are some excerpts:
“We are not sketching a single illusory image of ourselves, but many images, some of which are hardly even rough drafts that the annoyed mentality rejects, even though it collaborated on the outlines. Any book, any conversation has the power to make these images appear; reinvigorated by each new passion, they change in accordance with our most recent pleasures or latest pains. However, they are potent enough to leave in us secret memories which then grow so great as to constitute one of the most important single elements of our lives: that awareness we have of ourselves which is so veiled, so opposed to reason that any attempt of the mind to understand it only makes it disappear. Nothing definite, nothing that allows us to define ourselves; only a sort of latent power… As if we lacked only the opportunity to carry out in the real world the exploits of our dreams, we retain the confused impression, not of having accomplished them, but of having been capable of accomplishing them. We are aware of this power within us just as an athlete, without thinking about it, is conscious of his strength. Pitiable actors who don’t want to stop playing our glorious roles, we are, in our own eyes, creatures in whom is dormant an unsophisticated and jumbled procession of act and dream.”
“The artist is not the man who creates, but the one who feels. Whatever may be the qualities, or the quality, of a work of art, it is minor, for it is no more than one proposition of beauty. All the arts are decorative. Consider, for example, bamboos, on which the multicolored birds of the imagination love to perch, or banyans, which have the pomp of funeral chants; give the gardener, a man worthy of consideration, his salary and at least some respect. But now look at the river which mirrors these things; it alone is truly worthy of admiration.”
“Reading and the theater, for unsophisticated people, are sources of imaginary lives. Nothing is less disinterested than the desire to know. The West, ignorant of opium, has the press. Each day’s struggling ambitions, defeated or victorious: a newspaper. What a world swirls behind the eyes of an absent-minded reader! This is what gives the men of our race a walled existence. Nothing reverberates inside them with the sound one would predict. Imagine, my friend, that among us there is not a man who has not conquered Europe. What possibilities for scorn…”
“When I say ‘cat’ what dominates my mind is not a picture of a cat, but an impression of certain supple, silent movements peculiar to cats. You distinguish among species only by their outlines. Such a distinction applies only in death. (It is said that your painters used to study the proportions of the human body by sketching cadavers.) … The notion of species is an awareness of what ties together the forms existing in individuals who belong to a group: the necessity of particular movements. That is why it can no more be exactly defined than can style; but style can be achieved, the sense of species, only suggested. Suggestion is the highest technical perfection in art; it is the symbol of the living as the outline is the symbol of the dead. To understand a universe of successive existences one must first understand suggestion, and it is by suggestion that the artists, in his play, discovers the universe. It marks the profound distinction between your conquest and our own: you go from the obvious analogies to more obscure ones, while we proceed to irreconcilable differences.”

Here is something very curious. The book was published in 1926, and I stumbled upon a passage that evokes the precise spirit of French existentialism that would gain force more than three decades later with Sartre and Camus:
“At the core of Western civilization there is a hopeless contradiction, in whatever shape we discover it: that between man and what he has created. This conflict between the thinker and his thought, between the European and his civilization or his reality, between the indiscriminate consciousness and its expression in the everyday world through everyday means – I find it in every aspect of contemporary life. Sweeping away facts and, finally, itself, this spirit of contradiction trains our consciousness to give way and prepares us for the metallic realms of the absurd.”